The Neapolitan Claudio Ripa, who brought so much prestige of spearfishing competitions in Italy, in this article, taken from Underwater World, June 1967, became deeply involved also in archeology
interesting findings in the ruins of the city submerged
An important new archaeological recovery of the underwater ruins of Baia. The bradyseism has collapsed slowly over a millennium and a half the charming town of Imperial Rome that looked out over the waters sacred to the worship of Venus, Discovery and cataloged hundreds of oil lamps of good workmanship of the first century after Christ's work was terminated by a group of divers from Naples, including Claudio Ripa, who in the past had already ripped the sand and mud Bay precious testimonies of history.
.
LUCERNE THE BAY OF CLAUDIO RIPA
was, at first, an operation based on trust, enlivened by delicate talks. They Truva 'and Roman lampetelle Bay!., He said, in all secrecy, one of our fishermen friends. It is up to us to play then a complicated investigation, especially to have more concrete. He moved around the knowledge and finally we were able to get to the bottom of the matter, until you have secured a dispassionate our initiative with the Superintendence of Antiquities for the recognition of the right prize. The exploration of the underwater stretch of sea off the coast fiegreo he had not given this year appreciable fruit. And this, despite a challenging series of studies, as part of a archaeological campaign already previously established. A first inspection of the area finally revealed, it took him in the face of serious difficulties: the ruins underwater hid lamps that were buried under layers of sand and stones, to reach the floors of the rooms also had to vacate the rooms by huge boulders and lift the rubble of the floors. A few good copy of a lamp, which was found during this first dive, he encouraged us to continue the work begun. The stones heavier than we would have moved with the special bags filled with air. For the sand and mud, discard the idea of \u200b\u200ba normal sorbona to avoid damage to the objects: instead needed a device the size and reduced capacity. Adopted as a small compressor (made available by Armando Carola , head of the team, which were also included, among others, Lucignano Luigi and Giovanni, and Massimo Migliorini Scarpati ), which was applied to a pipe diameter approximately one hundred millimeters, the mouth closed by a wire mesh to prevent the aspiration of even smaller objects such as coins, nails, various fragments. In the second dive, I went first. The landscape was familiar to me to have it photographed several times, but this time I did not know where to start, I walked to a wall that I was able to see the water not clear. I swam along the wall and with the hands removed sand and debris in a central point, I discovered some small oil lamps simple invoice. Later, with the others, it was possible to collect a hundred copies before the water becomes a big black spot. The next dive was less chaotic, and we split up in more detail the duties and began working with plastic bags and the Sorbonne, not released until several square meters of bottom. I discovered a layer of oil lamps which were filled with numerous baskets, behind the signal, they let down the boat-supporting. It was late when we decided to come back and the boat was literally filled with baskets full of lucerne.Data time we could not get in touch with the Superintendence of Naples, so that material is deposited at the Flavian Amphitheatre in Pozzuoli entrusting the assistant chief of antiquities, Angelo Angellotti . The next day we got in touch with Dr. George Buchner of the Superintendent, who, after examining the lamps that he made back to the first century AD, he decided to accompany us to be able to assist in the research and subsequent dives. Fortunately, that day the water was clear enough, so as to allow Dr. Buchner to observe from the boat with a batiscopio how to work. His advice the result of long experience of work in the island of Ischia, allowed us to perform an excavation according to the dictates of modern archaeological technique. This time I took many photographs during each phase of the operation, in an effort to document the various layers that covered the lamps. We worked all day with a hectic pace. As the door space free from rocks and debris, the walls showed us the shape of the room. We realized the amount of rubble that covered the floor. Recovered hundreds of oil lamps, were in the majority of simple type, but that figure that we found were well executed with artistic merit apprezzabilissimi. These operations are followed for days, hoping to discover a mosaic floor at the bottom of the shaft. Unfortunately, after about two weeks work, we noticed that the floor was a mosaic, but in concrete, obviously ended up in a warehouse where they were preserved several thousands of oil lamps. But it was just a deposit? And what had served so many lamps, since almost all had blackened the spout use? Someone proposed that they had been used for parties of lampadoforie * which were held in the area and were in vogue among the Romans, and others, which were used to illuminate the docks of the port of Pozzuoli, on the occasion of the arrival of some character. Some people proposed that the lamps were used to light up the bridge of ships built between Caligula for Pozzuoli and Baia through the night, mounted his horse, the stretch of sea separating the two places, because the prophesy came true emperor of Rome who wanted him if he succeeded in that undertaking. Assumptions
fantastic no doubt. That notwithstanding the discovery rather unique, at least from what we know about the phenomena that have affected the bank Puteolana. Science tells us that the coastline was affected by a movement bradyseism and no doubt it is true and correct, so that this movement is due to the decay and abandonment of the area. But we know that the sea floor where are the submerged ruins of the town of Pozzuoli and Baia, we who have closely observed the remains of many homes, we have found many remains intact as statues, altars, coins, - ornaments of every kind, we can not consider another possibility: that some sudden phenomenon has led to the abandonment by the populations of some of the most charming towns of Imperial Rome. Maybe one day we will have a definitive answer to these questions. CLAUDIO RIPA
TREASURES OF BAY From a writing professor illustrious archaeologist Amedeo Maiuri . Thirty years ago
archeology Neapolitan could record an exceptional event. He dredged the small port of Baia, which at that time, in addition to sailing ships moored there for the loading of the pozzolan. was also used for mooring boats of the line for Procida and Ischia. But the waters were low and risky landing cards Admiral marked dry submerged in mud and it would take a bucket dredger and a sturdy bottom to remove the dried ones. Started work and lowered into the water bucket to take a bite and Divella, you saw that in place of dry rocks, were torn between the jaws of the bucket factory, pieces of mosaic floors. frustuli marble statue and some members of torn. It was the shore of Bay resummation that from the bottom of the water. The Italian archeology was caught by surprise by the dredging of the waters of the Bay. Yet a few years earlier there had been fished out of a beautiful head Amazon dell'arpione from which the tear had taken more than add a footnote to the bitter sore lip creases, and two replicas of a beautiful female statue type fidiaco neoattica work of two artists who had recorded in the folds of drapery their signatures Greek characters. Despite this violent work of dredging of the lake in front of the pier and the docks of the Bay, the harvest was recovered huge: pieces of architectural columns, capitals, entablature, all of the imperial art of the period of Hadrian and Antoninus and so considerable size from one to suppose that they belonged to buildings not too inferior to those survivors grandeur along the bank, in high relief of beautiful art and pluteus decorative sculptures for the story and reveal a taste for the implementation of selection and not a trivial and cheap display of luxury. The sculptures remained immersed in the muddy bottom were taken to the surface without a trace of wear and corrosion with the mutilation caused by the sun falling or tearing of the bucket. Fortune to those less fortunate instead touched long remained above the water lapped by the sea: the lithographers have exercised their craft on those sculptures of greedy hogs and rodents as the marble on the columns of the Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli. Bay waters, sacred to the worship of Venus, Eros could not miss, plus a bunch of Eros and Psyche, a torso of Eros exquisite shaping emerged one day from the bottom, is to evoke the kind of love story born from the Neapolitan humanist literature. The exploration of underwater Bay is not an isolated in sports is not the recovery of any pitcher covered by fine deposits of shellfish or a piece of sculpture and maybe a statue, but the exploration of an entire neighborhood flooded from the line that goes to the pier over the bay to within 120-150 m depth ranges from 3 to 10 meters. The mirror of water is between the tip of Epitaph and its more powerful development of a maritime villa sunk in the sea, and the promontory where the castle once stood the villa of Caesar and the imperial praetorian its port and its maritime facilities, a net limit is marked along the coast, the ancient coastal road that led from Baia in Pozzuoli, the route along which Herculanea Hercules would lead the herd of cattle returning from his trip to fabulous Ibor : the dark ribbon of road pavement can be seen even with calm, clear waters to more than 6-8 meters deep. The main difficulties of reconnaissance and recoveries should be the nature of the seafloor, formed not from the decay of sands, calcareous, but by pulping pozzolanic soil of the hills of the Bay and its return into the muddy, so the slightest movement raises the muddy bottom and turbid waters. Bay bradyseism is submerged in the sea and on land. Even large rooms within the ground and the large pools that collected the hot springs and steam arising from the ground, are also sunk slowly to block the mouth of those waters and those vapors. Today, those rooms and the pools look up at the top of the underground niches and arches that are adorned with large sculptures and there you are walking on dry land, while some beautiful prints of the first 800 years show us the grandest of those rooms, the Temple of Mercury, with the undiscovered niches halfway up and the interior flooded with water. so a helpful Cicero lent his strong shoulders to the vessel from side to side the room: a stone factory, precipitated by the time, acted as stepping stone. Today 20-30 cm at the first covering the emergence of the peaty soil and Acqui, while the original plan of the floor shall be not less than 6-8 meters deep. The excavation, therefore, requires appropriate means such as the excavation of a lake basin filled by a flood, and which has required the digging of the Suburban Baths in Herculaneum, where he has run to overcome the twin obstacles of petrified mud and water for coating 3 meters to the floor. They had rooms and swimming pools that were the most noble and essential part of the spa Bahia. combining the grand architecture, the sumptuous decoration of stucco, mosaics and sculptures.
interesting findings in the ruins of the city submerged
An important new archaeological recovery of the underwater ruins of Baia. The bradyseism has collapsed slowly over a millennium and a half the charming town of Imperial Rome that looked out over the waters sacred to the worship of Venus, Discovery and cataloged hundreds of oil lamps of good workmanship of the first century after Christ's work was terminated by a group of divers from Naples, including Claudio Ripa, who in the past had already ripped the sand and mud Bay precious testimonies of history.
.
LUCERNE THE BAY OF CLAUDIO RIPA
was, at first, an operation based on trust, enlivened by delicate talks. They Truva 'and Roman lampetelle Bay!., He said, in all secrecy, one of our fishermen friends. It is up to us to play then a complicated investigation, especially to have more concrete. He moved around the knowledge and finally we were able to get to the bottom of the matter, until you have secured a dispassionate our initiative with the Superintendence of Antiquities for the recognition of the right prize. The exploration of the underwater stretch of sea off the coast fiegreo he had not given this year appreciable fruit. And this, despite a challenging series of studies, as part of a archaeological campaign already previously established. A first inspection of the area finally revealed, it took him in the face of serious difficulties: the ruins underwater hid lamps that were buried under layers of sand and stones, to reach the floors of the rooms also had to vacate the rooms by huge boulders and lift the rubble of the floors. A few good copy of a lamp, which was found during this first dive, he encouraged us to continue the work begun. The stones heavier than we would have moved with the special bags filled with air. For the sand and mud, discard the idea of \u200b\u200ba normal sorbona to avoid damage to the objects: instead needed a device the size and reduced capacity. Adopted as a small compressor (made available by Armando Carola , head of the team, which were also included, among others, Lucignano Luigi and Giovanni, and Massimo Migliorini Scarpati ), which was applied to a pipe diameter approximately one hundred millimeters, the mouth closed by a wire mesh to prevent the aspiration of even smaller objects such as coins, nails, various fragments. In the second dive, I went first. The landscape was familiar to me to have it photographed several times, but this time I did not know where to start, I walked to a wall that I was able to see the water not clear. I swam along the wall and with the hands removed sand and debris in a central point, I discovered some small oil lamps simple invoice. Later, with the others, it was possible to collect a hundred copies before the water becomes a big black spot. The next dive was less chaotic, and we split up in more detail the duties and began working with plastic bags and the Sorbonne, not released until several square meters of bottom. I discovered a layer of oil lamps which were filled with numerous baskets, behind the signal, they let down the boat-supporting. It was late when we decided to come back and the boat was literally filled with baskets full of lucerne.Data time we could not get in touch with the Superintendence of Naples, so that material is deposited at the Flavian Amphitheatre in Pozzuoli entrusting the assistant chief of antiquities, Angelo Angellotti . The next day we got in touch with Dr. George Buchner of the Superintendent, who, after examining the lamps that he made back to the first century AD, he decided to accompany us to be able to assist in the research and subsequent dives. Fortunately, that day the water was clear enough, so as to allow Dr. Buchner to observe from the boat with a batiscopio how to work. His advice the result of long experience of work in the island of Ischia, allowed us to perform an excavation according to the dictates of modern archaeological technique. This time I took many photographs during each phase of the operation, in an effort to document the various layers that covered the lamps. We worked all day with a hectic pace. As the door space free from rocks and debris, the walls showed us the shape of the room. We realized the amount of rubble that covered the floor. Recovered hundreds of oil lamps, were in the majority of simple type, but that figure that we found were well executed with artistic merit apprezzabilissimi. These operations are followed for days, hoping to discover a mosaic floor at the bottom of the shaft. Unfortunately, after about two weeks work, we noticed that the floor was a mosaic, but in concrete, obviously ended up in a warehouse where they were preserved several thousands of oil lamps. But it was just a deposit? And what had served so many lamps, since almost all had blackened the spout use? Someone proposed that they had been used for parties of lampadoforie * which were held in the area and were in vogue among the Romans, and others, which were used to illuminate the docks of the port of Pozzuoli, on the occasion of the arrival of some character. Some people proposed that the lamps were used to light up the bridge of ships built between Caligula for Pozzuoli and Baia through the night, mounted his horse, the stretch of sea separating the two places, because the prophesy came true emperor of Rome who wanted him if he succeeded in that undertaking. Assumptions
fantastic no doubt. That notwithstanding the discovery rather unique, at least from what we know about the phenomena that have affected the bank Puteolana. Science tells us that the coastline was affected by a movement bradyseism and no doubt it is true and correct, so that this movement is due to the decay and abandonment of the area. But we know that the sea floor where are the submerged ruins of the town of Pozzuoli and Baia, we who have closely observed the remains of many homes, we have found many remains intact as statues, altars, coins, - ornaments of every kind, we can not consider another possibility: that some sudden phenomenon has led to the abandonment by the populations of some of the most charming towns of Imperial Rome. Maybe one day we will have a definitive answer to these questions. CLAUDIO RIPA
TREASURES OF BAY From a writing professor illustrious archaeologist Amedeo Maiuri . Thirty years ago
archeology Neapolitan could record an exceptional event. He dredged the small port of Baia, which at that time, in addition to sailing ships moored there for the loading of the pozzolan. was also used for mooring boats of the line for Procida and Ischia. But the waters were low and risky landing cards Admiral marked dry submerged in mud and it would take a bucket dredger and a sturdy bottom to remove the dried ones. Started work and lowered into the water bucket to take a bite and Divella, you saw that in place of dry rocks, were torn between the jaws of the bucket factory, pieces of mosaic floors. frustuli marble statue and some members of torn. It was the shore of Bay resummation that from the bottom of the water. The Italian archeology was caught by surprise by the dredging of the waters of the Bay. Yet a few years earlier there had been fished out of a beautiful head Amazon dell'arpione from which the tear had taken more than add a footnote to the bitter sore lip creases, and two replicas of a beautiful female statue type fidiaco neoattica work of two artists who had recorded in the folds of drapery their signatures Greek characters. Despite this violent work of dredging of the lake in front of the pier and the docks of the Bay, the harvest was recovered huge: pieces of architectural columns, capitals, entablature, all of the imperial art of the period of Hadrian and Antoninus and so considerable size from one to suppose that they belonged to buildings not too inferior to those survivors grandeur along the bank, in high relief of beautiful art and pluteus decorative sculptures for the story and reveal a taste for the implementation of selection and not a trivial and cheap display of luxury. The sculptures remained immersed in the muddy bottom were taken to the surface without a trace of wear and corrosion with the mutilation caused by the sun falling or tearing of the bucket. Fortune to those less fortunate instead touched long remained above the water lapped by the sea: the lithographers have exercised their craft on those sculptures of greedy hogs and rodents as the marble on the columns of the Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli. Bay waters, sacred to the worship of Venus, Eros could not miss, plus a bunch of Eros and Psyche, a torso of Eros exquisite shaping emerged one day from the bottom, is to evoke the kind of love story born from the Neapolitan humanist literature. The exploration of underwater Bay is not an isolated in sports is not the recovery of any pitcher covered by fine deposits of shellfish or a piece of sculpture and maybe a statue, but the exploration of an entire neighborhood flooded from the line that goes to the pier over the bay to within 120-150 m depth ranges from 3 to 10 meters. The mirror of water is between the tip of Epitaph and its more powerful development of a maritime villa sunk in the sea, and the promontory where the castle once stood the villa of Caesar and the imperial praetorian its port and its maritime facilities, a net limit is marked along the coast, the ancient coastal road that led from Baia in Pozzuoli, the route along which Herculanea Hercules would lead the herd of cattle returning from his trip to fabulous Ibor : the dark ribbon of road pavement can be seen even with calm, clear waters to more than 6-8 meters deep. The main difficulties of reconnaissance and recoveries should be the nature of the seafloor, formed not from the decay of sands, calcareous, but by pulping pozzolanic soil of the hills of the Bay and its return into the muddy, so the slightest movement raises the muddy bottom and turbid waters. Bay bradyseism is submerged in the sea and on land. Even large rooms within the ground and the large pools that collected the hot springs and steam arising from the ground, are also sunk slowly to block the mouth of those waters and those vapors. Today, those rooms and the pools look up at the top of the underground niches and arches that are adorned with large sculptures and there you are walking on dry land, while some beautiful prints of the first 800 years show us the grandest of those rooms, the Temple of Mercury, with the undiscovered niches halfway up and the interior flooded with water. so a helpful Cicero lent his strong shoulders to the vessel from side to side the room: a stone factory, precipitated by the time, acted as stepping stone. Today 20-30 cm at the first covering the emergence of the peaty soil and Acqui, while the original plan of the floor shall be not less than 6-8 meters deep. The excavation, therefore, requires appropriate means such as the excavation of a lake basin filled by a flood, and which has required the digging of the Suburban Baths in Herculaneum, where he has run to overcome the twin obstacles of petrified mud and water for coating 3 meters to the floor. They had rooms and swimming pools that were the most noble and essential part of the spa Bahia. combining the grand architecture, the sumptuous decoration of stucco, mosaics and sculptures.
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